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Types of Concrete

IS 6461 (Part 4) — Cement Concrete: Glossary of Terms (First Revision, October 2024) · 2024 definitions.

Part 3 Part 5Definitions quoted verbatim from the BIS standard

Aerated Concrete Cl 3.1: A lightweigh t product consisting of Portland cement, cement -silica, cement-pozzolana, lime -pozzolana, or lime -silica pastes containing blends o f these ingredients and having a homo geneous void or cell structure, attained with gas -forming chemical agents (for cellular concretes containing binder ingredients other than addition to Portland cement, autoclave curing is usually employed).
Air Bl own Mortar Cl 3.2: Mortar or concrete conveyed through a host and projected at high velocity on to a sur face; also pneumatically applied mortar or concrete, sprayed mortar and gunned concrete ( see also dry-mix shotcrete; gunite; and wet-mix shotcrete, pneumatically applied mortars).
Air Entrained Concrete Cl 3.3: Concrete in which an admixture is used to incorporate a quantity of small uniformly distributed air bubbles during mixing, and these remain after hardening.
Autoclaved Cl 3.4: Steam curing of concrete products, sand lime brick, asbestos cement products, hydrous calcium silicate insulation products, or cement in an autoclave at maximum ambient temperatures generally between 170 °C and 215 °C.
Block, Concrete Cl 3.5: A concrete masonry unit, usually containing hollow cores.
Boron Loaded Concrete Cl 3.6: High-density concrete including a boron-containing admixture or aggregate, such as mineral colemanite, boron frits, or boron metal alloys to act as a neutron attenuator.
Build Cl 3.7: Up — Gunning of shotcrete in successive layers to form a thicker mass.
Cast Cl 3.8: in-Place — Mortar or concrete which is deposited in the place where it is required to harden as part of the structure, as opposed to precast concrete.
Cast Cl 3.9: In-Situ — See 3.8.
Castable Refractory Cl 3.10: A packaged, dry mixture of hydraulic cement, generally calcium- aluminate cement, and specially selected and proportioned refractory aggregates which, when mixed with water, will produce refractory concrete or mortar (see also 3. 93).
Cast Stone Cl 3.11: Concrete or mortar cast into blocks or small slabs in special moulds so as to resemble natural building stone.
Cell Gas Concrete Cl 3.12: Low density cementitious mixture having a homogeneous void or cell structure attained using gas fo rming chemicals or foaming agents.
Central Cl 3.15: Mixed Concrete — Concrete which is completely mixed in a stationary mixer from which it is transported to the delivery point. 1 IS 6461 (Part 4) : 2024 To access Indian Standards click on the link below: https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS_2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian_standards/isdetails/
Centrifugally Cast Cl 3.16: Concrete compacted by centrifugal action, for example, in the manufacture of pipe and poles.
Chemical Prestressing Cl 3.17: Concrete made with expansive cement and reinforcement under conditions such that the expansion of the cement induces tensile stress in the reinforcement so as to produce prestressed concrete.
Closed Cl 3.18: Circuit Grouting — Injection of grout into a hole inters ecting fissures or voids which are to be filled at such volume and pressure that grout input to the hole is greater than the grout take of the surrounding formation, excess grout being returned to the pumping plant for recirculation.
Colloidal Concrete Cl 3.19: Concrete of which the aggregate is bou nd by colloidal grout.
Colloidal Grout Cl 3.20: A grout which has artificially induce d cohesiveness or ability to retain the dispersed solid particles in suspension.
Concrete, Dense Cl 3.21: Concrete containing a minimum number of voids.
Concrete, Dry Cl 3.22: Mix — Concrete of very low water content used in the dry-cast process concrete (mortar or grout) and expansive cement concrete (mortar or grout) made with expansive cement.
Concrete, Dry Cl 3.23: Packed — A concrete mixture sufficiently dr y to be consolidated only by heavy ramming.
Concrete, Exposed Cl 3.24: Concrete surface formed so as to yield an acceptable texture and finish for permanent exposure to view.
Concrete, Fair Cl 3.25: Face — A concrete surface that, on completion of the forming process, requires no further (concrete) treatment other than curing.
Concrete, Fat Cl 3.26: A concrete containing a large proportion of mortar.
Concrete, Field Cl 3.27: Concrete delivered or mixed, placed, and cured on the job site.
Concrete, Flowing Cl 3.28: Concrete that is characterized by a slump greater than 190 mm while remaining cohesive.
Concrete, Foamed Cl 3.29: See 3.1. it can be placed and consolidated by the intended methods.
Concrete, Granolithic Cl 3.31: Concrete suitable for use as a wearing surface finish to floors, made with specially selected aggregate of suitable hardness, surface texture, and particle shape.
Concrete, Hardened Cl 3.32: Concrete that has dev eloped sufficient strength to serve some defined purpose or resist a stipulated loading without failure.
Concrete, Heavy Cl 3.33: Concrete of exceptionally high unit weight, usually obtained by use of heavyweight aggregates, used especially for radiation shielding.
Concrete, High Cl 3.34: Density — Concrete of exce ptionally high unit weight usually obtained by use of heavyweight aggregates, used especially for radiation shielding (see 3.33).
Concrete, Lightweight Cl 3.35: Concrete of su bstantially lower unit weight than that made from gravel or crushed stone.
Concrete, Mass Cl 3.36: Any volume of concrete cast-in-p lace (generally as a monolithic structure usually incorporating a high proportion of large coarse aggregate and low cement content) and intended to resist applied loads by virtue of its mass; it is distinct from other types of concrete because its dimensions are of such magnitude as to require that measures be taken cope with the generation of heat and attendant volume changes.
Concrete, No Cl 3.37: Fines — A concrete mixture containing little or no fine aggregate.
Concrete, No Cl 3.38: Slump — Concrete with a slump of 25 mm or less.
Concrete, Normal Weight Cl 3.39: Concrete having a unit weight of approximately 2 400 kg/m 3 made with aggregates of normal weight.
Concrete, Pervious Cl 3.40: Hydraulic cement co ncrete proportioned with sufficient distributed interconnected macroscopic voids that allow water to flow through the material under the action of gravity alone.
Concrete, Polymer Cl 3.41: Concrete in which an o rganic polymer serves as the binder; also known as resin concrete; sometimes erroneously employed to designate hydraulic cement mortars or concretes in which part or all of the mixing water is replaced by an aqueous dispersion of a thermoplastic copolymer. 2 IS 6461 (Part 4) : 2024
Concrete, Fresh Cl 3.30: Concrete that possesses enough of its original workability so that
Concrete, Precast Cl 3.42: Concrete cast elsewhere than its final position in the structure. Also known as grouted concrete (see 3.73).
Concrete, Prepacked Cl 3.43: Concrete produced by placing coarse aggregate in a form and later injecting a Portland cement-sand grout, usually with admixtures, to fill the voids.
Concrete, Preplaced Cl 3.44: Aggregate — See 3.43.
Concrete, Ready Cl 3.45: Mixed — Concrete delivered at site or into the purchaser's vehicle in a plastic condition and requiring no further treatment before being placed in the position in which it is to set and harden.
Concrete, Refractory Cl 3.46: Concrete having refractory properties, usually made with calcium- aluminate cement and refractory aggregate and suitable for use even at temperature above 1 000 °C.
Concrete, Reinforced Cl 3.47: Concrete containing reinforcement and designed on the assumption that the two materials act together in resisting forces.
Concrete , Roller Compacted Cl 3.48: Concrete compacted while fresh by a ro ller often a vibratory.
Concrete, Siliceous Cl 3.49: Aggregate — Concrete made with normal-density aggregates having constituents composed mainly of silica or silicates.
Concrete, Spun Cl 3.50: Concrete compacted by centrifugal action, for example, in the manufacture of pipes.
Concrete, Structural Cl 3.51: Concrete used to carry structural load or to form an integral part of a structure; concrete of a quality specified for structural use; concrete used solely for protective cover, fill, or insulation is not considered structural concrete.
Concrete, Structural Lightweight Cl 3.52: Structural concrete made with lightweight aggregate; the unit weight usually is in the range of 1 440 kg/m3 to 1 850 kg/m3.
Concrete, Terrazzo Cl 3.53: Marble-aggregate concrete that is cast-in-place or precast and ground smooth for decorative surfacing purposes on floors and walls.
Concrete, Translucent Cl 3.55: A combination of glass and concrete used together in precast or prestressed panels.
Concrete, Vacuum Cl 3.56: Concrete from which water is extracted by a vacuum process before hardenin g occurs.
Concrete, Vibrate d Cl 3.57: Concrete compacted by vibratio n during and after placing.
Containment Grouting Cl 3.58: Injection of grout, usually at relatively low pressure, around the periphery of an area which is subsequently to be grouted at greater pressure; intended to confine subsequent grout injection within the perimeter.
Contraction Cl 3.59: Joint Grouting — Injection of grout in to contraction joints.
Control Cl 3.60: Joint Grouting — See 3.59.
Cyclopean Concrete Cl 3.61: Mass concrete in which large stones, each of 50 kg or more, are placed and embedded in the concrete as it is deposited; the stones are called ‘pudding stones’ or ‘plums’, preferably not less than 15 cm apart and not closer than 20 cm to any exposed surface (see also 3.112).
Dry Cl 3.62: Mix Shotcrete — Pneumatically conveyed shotcrete in which most of the mixing water is added at the nozzle (see also 3.100).
Dry Pack Cl 3.63: To forcibly ram a moist Portland-cement-aggregate mixture into a confined area; also the mixture so placed.
Dry Cl 3.64: Tamp Process — The placing of concrete or mortar by hammering or ramming a relatively dry mix into place.
Expansive Cl 3.65: Cement Concrete (Mortar or Grout) — A concrete (mortar or grout) made with expansiv e cement.
Extruded Concrete Cl 3.66: Concrete that a finish ed cross section formed by extrusion. 3 IS 6461 (Part 4) : 2024
Concrete, Transit Cl 3.54: Mixed — Concrete, the mixing of which is wholly or principally accomplished in a truck mixer.
Fibre Reinforced Concrete Cl 3.67: Concrete strengthened with fibres.
Flash Coat Cl 3.68: A light coat of shotcrete used to cover minor blemished on a concrete surface.
Gap Graded Concrete Cl 3.69: Concrete made with gap graded aggregate.
Gas Concrete Cl 3.70: Lightweight concrete produced by developing voids with gas generated within the unhardened mix (usually from the action of cement alkalies on aluminium powder used as an admixture).
Ground Wire Cl 3.71: Small-gauge high-strength steel w ire used to establish line and grade as in shotcrete work; also called alignment wire or screed wire.
Grout Cl 3.72: Mixture of cementitious material and aggregate to which sufficient water is added to produce pouring consistency without segregation of the constituents, or mixtures of other compositions, such as containing PVC or epoxy resin or sodium silicate, but of similar consistency or a cementitious mixture with or without aggregate or admixtures that is used primarily to fill voids.
Grouted Cl 3.73: Aggregate Concrete ― Concrete which is formed by injecting grout into previously placed coarse aggregate (see 3.43).
Gun Finish Cl 3.74: Undisturbed final layer of sho tcrete as applied from nozzle, without hand finishing.
Gunite (Trade Name) Cl 3.75: Method of applying dry-mix shotcrete.
Gunning Patte rn Cl 3.76: Conical outline of material discharge steam in shotcrete oper ation.
Heat Cl 3.77: Resistant Concrete — Any concrete which will not disintegrate when exposed to constant or cyclic heating at any temperature below which a ceramic bond is formed, that is, below about 1 000 °C.
Ilmenite Cl 3.82: A mineral, iron titanate (FeTiO 3) which in pure or impure form is commonly used as aggregate in high density concrete.
Impending Slough Cl 3.83: The consistency obtained with shotcrete containing the maximum amount of water that can be used without flow or sag after placement.
Insulating Concrete Cl 3.84: Concrete having low thermal conductivity; used for thermal insulation.
Lean Concrete Cl 3.85: Concrete of low cement conten t.
Liquid Cl 3.86: Volume Measurement — Measurement of grout on the basis of the total volume of solid and liquid constituents.
Monolithic Concrete Cl 3.87: Concrete cast with no join ts other than construction joints.
Reinforcement Displacement Cl 3.88: Movement of reinforcing steel from its specified position in the forms.
Nailable Concrete Cl 3.89: Concrete, usually made with a suitable lightweight aggregate, with or without the addition of sawdust, into which nails can be driven.
Non Cl 3.90: Air-Entrained Concrete — Concrete in which neither an air-entraining admixture nor air- entraining cement has been used. 4 IS 6461 (Part 4) : 2024
High Consistence Concrete Cl 3.77: Fresh concrete that can be placed with little compactive e ffort.
High Cl 3.79: Early-Strength Concrete — Concrete which, through the use of high-early-strength cement or admixtures, is capable of attaining specified strength at an earlier age than normal concrete.
High Performance Concrete Cl 3.80: Concrete whose ingredients, proportions and production methods are specifically chosen to meet special performance and uniformity requirements.
Open Cl 3.91: Circuit Grouting — A grouting system with no provision for recirculation of grout to the pump.
Oversanded Cl 3.92: Containing more sand that would be necessary to produce adequate workability and a satisfactory condition for finishing.
Packaged Concrete, Mortar, Grout Cl 3.93: Mixtures of dry ingredient in packages, requiring only the addition of water to produce concrete, mortar, or grout.
Packer Cl 3.94: A device inserted into a hole in which grout is to be injected which acts to prevent return of the grout around the injection pipe; usually an expandable device actuated mechanically, hydraulically, or pneumatically.
High Cl 3.81: Strength Concrete — Concrete that has a specified compressive strength for design of 65 MPa or greater.
Pass Cl 3.95: Layer of shotcrete placed in one movement over the field of operation.
Pavement, Concrete Cl 3.96: A layer of concrete over such areas as roads, sidewalks, airfields, canals, playgrounds, and those used for storage or parking.
Perimeter Grouting Cl 3.97: Injection of grout, usually at relatively low pressure, around the periphery of an area which is subsequently to be grouted at greater pressure; intended to confine subsequent grout injection within the perimeter (see 3.58 ).
Plain Concrete Cl 3.98: Concrete without any reinforcement.
Plasticized Concrete Cl 3.99: Fresh concrete that contain s an admixture that increase consistence for a given water/binder ratio or maintains consistence at a lower water/binder ratio.
Pneumatically Applied Mortar Cl 3.100: Mortar or concrete conveyed through a hose and projected at high velocity on to a surface; also known as air- blown mortar; also pneumatically applied mortar or concrete, sprayed mortar and gunned concrete (see also 3.62, 3.75, 3.118 and 3.135).
Polymer Impregnated Concrete Cl 3.101: Hardened concrete that is impregnated with underwater concrete polymer.
Pozzolanic Cement Concrete Cl 3.102: Concrete having pozzolana partly substituted for its cement, the pozzolana content being not less than 16 percent of the combined weight of cement plus pozzolana.
Pressed Concrete Cl 3.103: Precast concrete that is pressed before it hardens expelling some of the mixing water.
Pumped Concrete Cl 3.106: Concrete which is trans ported through hose or pipe by means of a pump.
Rebound Cl 3.107: Sand and cement or wet shotcrete which bounces away from a surface against which shotcrete is being projected.
Refractory Insulating Concrete Cl 3.108: Refractory concrete having low thermal conductivity.
Retarded Concrete Cl 3.109: Fresh concrete that chang es to a hardened state more slowly as a result of the use of a set retarding admixture.
Rich Concrete Cl 3.110: Concrete of high cement conten t.
Rolled Concrete Cl 3.111: Concrete that is comp acted by roller. 5 IS 6461 (Part 4) : 2024
Rustic or Washed Finish Cl 3.113: A type of terrazzo toping in which the matrix is recessed by washing to setting so as to expose the chips without destroying the bond between chip and matrix; a retarder is sometimes applied to the surface to facilitate this operation.
Sagging Cl 3.114: Subsidence of material from the gunned surface of a sloping or vertical concrete structural member or from the gunned surface of an over head horizontal shotcrete structural member (see also 3.120).
Sawdust Concrete Cl 3.115: Concrete in which the aggr egate consists mainly of sawdust from wood.
Self Compacting Concrete Cl 3.116: Highly flow able, non-segregating concrete that fills uniformly and completely every corner of formwork by its own weight without the need for any compaction and encapsulates reinforcement or any other embedment. b) Undesirable placement of shotcrete wherein air pressure is decreased and water content is increased.
Shotcrete Cl 3.118: Mortar or concrete pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface; also known as air-blown mortar,
Shooting Cl 3.117: Placing of shotcrete.
Shrink Cl 3.119: Mixed Concrete — Ready-mixed concrete mixed partially in a stationary mixer and then mixed in a truck mixer (see also 3.104).
Sloughing Cl 3.120: Subsidence of material from a vertical surface of newly gunned shotcrete generally due to the use of an excessive amount of mixing water (see also 3.114 ).
Slugging Cl 3.121: Pulsating and intermittent flow of shotcrete material due to improper use of delivery equipment and materials.
Sounding Well Cl 3.122: A vertical conduit in the mas s of coarse aggregate for preplaced aggregate concrete, provided with continuous or closely spaced openings to permit entrance of grout; the grout level is determined by means of a float on a measured line.
Undersanded Cl 3.131: With respect to concrete, containing an insufficient proportion of fine aggregate to produce optimum properties in the fresh mixture, especially workability and finishing characteristics.
Venetian Cl 3.133: A type of terrazzo topping in whic h large chips are incorporated. 6 IS 6461 (Part 4) : 20243.123 Sprayed Mortar — Mortar or concrete conveyed through a hose and projected at high velocity onto a surface; also known as air-blown mortar; also pneumatically applied mortar or concrete, sprayed mortar an gunned concrete (see also 3.62, 3.75 and 3.136).
Steam Cured Concrete Cl 3.124: Concrete that is cure more quickly to increase its early strength using steam at atmospheric pressure.
Stiffened Concrete Cl 3.125: Concrete that has lost its consistence to the extent that it is no longer readily mouldable.
Tesserae Cl 3.126: Small pieces of marble tile or g lass used in mosaics.
Time of Haul Cl 3.127: In production of ready- mixed concrete, the period from first contact between mixing water and cement until completion of discharge of, the freshly mixed concrete.
Tremie Concrete Cl 3.128: Concrete placed by mea ns of a tremie.
Tremie Seal Cl 3.129: Concrete placed under water by means of a tremie in a cofferdam or caisson so that it can be dewatered after the concrete hardens.
Truck Cl 3.130: Mixed Concrete — See 3.54.
Vermiculite Concrete Cl 3.134: Concrete in which the aggregate consists of exfoliated vermiculite.
Vibrated Concrete Cl 3.135: Concrete compacted by vibration during and/or after placing.
Wet Cl 3.136: Mix Shotcrete — Shotcrete wherein all ingredients, including mixing water, are mixed in the equipment before introduction into the delivery hose; it may be pneumatically conveyed or moved by displacement.
Water Resisting Concrete Cl 3.137: Concrete that has high resistant to water penetration. pneumatically applied mortar or concrete sprayed mortar, and gunned concrete.

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