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Properties of Concrete

IS 6461 (Part 6) — Cement Concrete: Glossary of Terms (First Revision, October 2024) · 2024 definitions.

Part 5 Part 7Definitions quoted verbatim from the BIS standard

Agitating Speed Cl 3.1: The rate of rotation of the drum or blades of a transit mixer or truck mixer or similar other device when used for agitation of mixed concrete.
Agitating Truck (Transit Agitator, Truck Agitator) Cl 3.2: A mobile equipment mounted on a truck or some other suitable mobile haulage unit; in which freshly mixed concrete may be agitated by rotating the drum continuously or intermittently during transit.
Agitator Cl 3.4: A device for maintaining plasticity and preventing segregation of mixed concrete by agitation.
Air Cl 3.5: Blow Pipes — Air jet used in shotcrete work to remove rebound or other loose material from the work area.
Air Gun (Cement Gun) Cl 3.6: A machine in which a mixture of cement and small aggregate is forced by compressed air through a hose to a nozzle, where requisite quantity of water brought through a separate hose is added, and the combined materials are driven with force from the nozzle to the point of placement.
Air Lift Cl 3.7: Equipment whereby slurry or dry powder is lifted through pipes by means of compressed air.
Air Meter Cl 3.8: A device for measuring the air content of co ncrete and mortar.
Air Ring Cl 3.9: Perforated manifold in nozzle of wet-mix sho tcrete equipment through which high pressure air is introduced into the material flow.
Air Separator Cl 3.10: An upright cylindrical - conical pneumatic ap paratus, with internal rotating blades, which sepa rates various size fractions of ground materials pneumatically; discharging fine particles as a product and returning oversized ones to the mill as tailings.
Amount of Mixing Cl 3.11: The designation of extent of mixer action employed in combining the ingredients for concrete or mortar; it is normally designated by the mixing time in the case of stationary mixers and the number of revolutions of the drum or blades at mixing speed after the intermingling of the cement with water and aggregates in case of transit mixer or truck mixer.
Amplitude of Vibration Cl 3.12: The maximum displacement of a vibrating body from its mean position during vibration. It is usually expressed as half of total displacement.
Angle Float Cl 3.13: A finishing tool having a surface bent to form a right angle; used to finish re-entrant angles. 1 IS 6461 (Part 6) : 2024 To access Indian Standards click on the link below: https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS_2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian_standards/isdetails/
Arrising Tool Cl 3.14: A tool similar to a float, but having a form suitable for rounding an edge of freshly placed concrete.
Batch Cl 3.15: Quantity of concrete or mortar mixed at one time .
Batched Water Cl 3.16: The mixing water added by a batcher to a batch of concrete or mortar mixture before or during the initial stages of mixing.
Batcher Cl 3.17: A device for measuring ingredients for a batch of concrete. It may consist of the following types: a) Manual Batcher — A batcher equipped with gates or valves which are operated manually, with or without supplementary power from pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical machinery, the accuracy of the weighing operation being dependent on the operator’s observation of the scale; b) Semiautomatic Batcher — A batcher equipped with gates or valves which are separately opened manually to allow the material to be weighed but which are closed automatically when the designated weight of each material has been reached ; and c) Automatic Batcher — A batcher equipped with gates or valves which, when actuated by a single starter switch, will open automatically at the start of the weighing operation of each material and close automatically when the designated weight of each material has been reached, interlocked in such a manner that: 1) The ch arging mechanism cannot be opened until the scale has returned to zero; 2) The charging mechanism cannot be opened if the discharging mechanism is open; 3) The discharge mechanism cannot be opened until the designated weight has been reached within the allowable tolerance; and 4) If different kinds of aggregates or different kinds of cements are weighed cumulatively in a single batcher, interlocked sequential controls are provided.
Batching Cl 3.18: Weighing into the mixer the ingredients or volumetrically measuring and introducing for a batch of concrete or mortar.
Batching Plant Cl 3.19: An operating installation of equipment including batchers and mixers as required for batching or for batching and mixing concrete materials; also called mixing plant when mixing equipment is included.
Batch Mixer Cl 3.20: A concrete mixer for cyclic operation in which the ingredients for concrete are charged in batches; each new batch is charged into drum of the mixer only when the preceding batch has been discharged.
Bull Float Cl 3.21: A tool comprising a large, flat, rectangular piece of wood, aluminium, or magnesium usually 20 cm wide and 100 cm to 150 cm long, and a handle 1 m to 5 m in length used to smooth unformed surfaces of freshly placed concrete.
Bush Cl 3.22: Hammer — A hammer having a serrated face, as r ows of pyramidal points used to roughen or dress a surface; to finish a concrete surface; by application of a bush-hammer.
Capacity Cl 3.23: The volume of concrete permitted to be mi xed or carried in a particular mixer or agitator, usually limited by specifications to a maximum percentage of total gross volume; also the output of concrete, aggregate, or other product per unit of time (as plant capacity or screen capacity).
Centrally Cl 3.24: Mixed Concrete — Concrete produce d by completely mixing cement, aggregates, and water at a stationary central mixing plant and delivered in containers fitted with agitating g devices, except that which so agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the concrete may be transported without being agitated.
Central Mixer Cl 3.25: A stationary concrete mixer from which the freshly mixed concrete is transported to the work.
Charging Cl 3.26: Introducing, feeding, or loading materials into a concrete or mortar mixer, or other container or receptacle where they will further treated or processed.
Chute Cl 3.27: A sloping trough or tube for conducting concrete cement, aggregate, or other free flowing materials from a higher to a lower point.
Compulsory Concrete Mixer Cl 3.28: Concrete mixer with mixing affected by the action of one or more agitators moving inside a mixing chamber with either a vertical axis (pan) or horizontal axis (trough). 2 IS 6461 (Part 6) : 2024
Pan Cl 3.28.1: Type Concrete Mixer — Compulsory concrete mixer with agitators rotating about the vertical axis of a stationary or rotating pan.
Turbo Cl 3.28.2: Concrete Mixer — Compulsory concrete mixer with an agitator rotating about the vertical axis of a stationary pan, charged from the top and discharged by opening a segment of the pan bottom.
Planetary Concrete Mixer Cl 3.28.3: Compulsory concrete mixer with vertically mounted agitators having a planetary type of motion, inside a stationary pan where the mixer is charged from the top, and discharged by opening a segment of the pan bottom.
Turbo Cl 3.28.4: Planetary Concrete Mixer — Compulsory concrete mixer having one agitator rotating about the vertical axis of a stationary pan in addition to other agitators in planetary motion where the mixer is charged from the top and discharged by opening a segment of the pan bottom.
Counter Current Operation Concrete Mixer Cl 3.28.5: Compulsory concrete mixer with one or more agitators rotating about the vertical axes in a counter-rotating pan where the mixer is charged from the top and discharged by opening a segment of the pan bottom.
Concurrent Operation Concrete Mixer Cl 3.28.6: Compulsory concrete mixer with one or more agitators rotating about vertical axes in a pan rotating concurrently where the mixer is charged from the top and discharged by opening a segment of the pan bottom.
Concrete Mixer with High Speed Activator Cl 3.28.7: Compulsory concrete mixer with one or more agitators rotating about vertical axes including one high speed agitator (activator) where the mixer is charged from the top and discharged by opening a segment of the pan bottom.
Paddle Concrete Mixer Cl 3.28.8: Compulsory concrete mixer with one or two paddle agitators rotating about horizontal axis in a casing (trough) where the mixer is charged from the top and discharged by opening a segment of the pan bottom.
Concrete Breaker Cl 3.29: A compressed-air tool specially designed and constructed to break up concrete or for use for similar demolition work.
Concrete Casing Cl 3.30: Protective concrete covering to structural steel.
Concrete Finishing Machine Cl 3.31: A machine mounted on flanged wheels which rides on the forms or on specially set tracks, used to finish surfaces, such as those of pavements; or a portable power driven machine for floating and finishing of floors and other slabs.
Concrete Paver Cl 3.32: A concrete mixer, usually mounted on crawler tracks, which mixes and places concrete in pavement or in the subgrade.
Concrete Pump Cl 3.33: An apparatus which forces concrete to the placing position through a pipeline or hose.
Piston Type Concrete Pump Cl 3.33.1: Pump in which a piston is used to impart energy to the concrete mix, with the intent of transporting the mix to and through the conveying pipe and/or hose.
Rotary Type Concrete Pump Cl 3.33.2: Pump in which a peristaltic action is used to impart energy to the concrete mix with the intent of transporting the mix to and through the conveying pipe and/or hose.
Stationary Type Concrete Pump Cl 3.33.3: Skid, rail or wheeled-chassis mounted concrete pump intended for long-term operation on one building site.
Piston Type Concrete Pump Valve System Cl 3.33.4: System composed of cut-off valves successively locking and opening concrete mix flow from the hopper to the concrete cylinder and from the latter to the conveying pipe.
Concrete Spreader Cl 3.34: A machine, usually carried on side forms or on rails parallel thereto, designed to spread concrete from heaps already dumped in front of it, or to receive and spread concrete in a uniform layer.
Concrete Vibrating Machine Cl 3.35: A machine, commo nly carried on side forms or on rails parallel thereto, which compacts a layer of freshly mixed concrete by vibration.
Continuous Mixer Cl 3.36: A mixer into which the in gredients of the mixture are fed without stopping, and from which the mixed concrete is discharged in a continuous stream. A mixer into which the ingredients of the mixture are fed without stopping, and from which the mixed product is discharged in a continuous stream.
Conveying Hose Cl 3.37: Hose through which s hotcrete materials or pumped concrete pass; also known as material hose or conveying hose.
Conveyor Cl 3.38: A device for moving materials; u sually a continuous belt, an articulated system of 3 IS 6461 (Part 6) : 2024 buckets, a confined screw, or a pipe through which material is moved by air or water.
Cumulative Batching Cl 3.39: Measuring more than one ingredient of a batch in the same container by bringing the batcher scale into balance at successive total weights as each ingredient is accumulated in the container.
Curb Tool Cl 3.40: A tool used to give the desired finish and shape to the exposed surfaces of a concrete curb.
Cutting Screed Cl 3.41: Sharp edged tool used to trim shotcrete to finished outline.
Darby Cl 3.42: A hand-manipulated straight edge 1 m to 3.5 m or more long used in the early stage levelling concrete finishing to supplement floating.
Delivery Hose Cl 3.43: Hose through which shotcrete materials or pumped operations of concrete pass; also known as material hose or conveying hose.
Devil’s Float Cl 3.44: A wooden float with two nails protruding from the toe; used to roughen the surface of the brown plaster coat.
Double External Vibrator of Directed Vibration Cl 3.45: Vibrator for generation of the linear dir ected vibrations and composed of two external vibrators rotating in opposite directions and joined by a gear.
Eccentric Shaft Cl 3.46: The rotating shaft of the vibrating unit designed to produce the required frequency and amplitude of vibration.
Edger (Edging Tool) Cl 3.47: A finishing tool used on the edges of fresh concrete to provide a rounded corner.
Electric External Vibrator Cl 3.48: Vibrator in which the prime mover is an electric motor.
Elephant Trunk (Down Pipe) Cl 3.49: An articu lated tube or chute used in concrete placement.
External Vibrator Cl 3.50: See 3.143.
External Vibrator of Directed Vibration Cl 3.51: Vibrator for generation of directed vibrations.
External Vibrator with External Motor Cl 3.52: Vibrator driven by external electric motor or internal combustion engine.
Feather Edge Cl 3.53: A wood or metal tool having a bevelled edge; used to straighten re-entrant angles in finish plaster coat; also edge of a concrete or mortar placement such as a patch or topping that is bevelled at an acute angle.
Feed Wheel Cl 3.54: Material distributor or regulator in certain types of shotcrete equipment.
Finger Type Concrete Vibrator Cl 3.55: A series of immersion type concrete vibrators mounted on a horizontal frame with control arrangements for readily raising or lowering the vibrators and for changing the inclination of the vibrators to the horizontal frame.
Finishing Machine Cl 3.56: A power -operated machine used to give the desired surface texture to a concrete slab.
Fixed External Vibrator Cl 3.57: Vibrator fixed to the vibrating object directly by mean of treads.
Float Cl 3.58: A tool (not a darby), usually of wood, steel, aluminium or magnesium, not used in finishing operations to impart a relatively even (but smooth) texture to an unformed fresh concrete surface.
Floating Cl 3.59: The operation of finishing a fresh concrete or mortar surface by use of a float, preceding troweling when that is to be the final finish.
Flush Water Cl 3.60: Water carried on a truck mixer or transit mixer in a special tank for flushing the interior of the mixer after discharge of the concrete.
Free Fall Cl 3.61: Descent of freshly mixed concrete into forms without dropchutes or oth er means of confinement; also the distance through which such descent occurs; also uncontrolled fall of aggregate.
Free Fall Mixer Cl 3.62: A free fall mixer having a drum with a series of blades fitted internally, which rotates about a horizontal or inclined axis. The mixing action is achieved by causing each part of the mix to be lifted in turn as the drum rotates and at a certain point in each revolution allowing it to be dropped or directed towards the bottom of the drum where it combines with other parts of the mix in continuously changing sequence to form a homogeneous mix. The free fall mixer is generally of the following types: a) Tilting Type — The free fall mixer in which the d rum has an inclinable axis and is a single compartment. 4 IS 6461 (Part 6) : 2024 b) Non-Tilting Type — The free fall mixer in which the drum rotates in one direction on a horizontal axis and comprises a single compartment drum having two openings; c) Reversing Drum Type — The free fall mixer in which the drum rotates on a horizontal axis, the direction being reversed to discharge; and Free Fall Barrow Tipping Mixer — The free fall mixer in which the drum rotates about an inclined axis; the drum is mounted on a wheel barrow which can be tilted forward to discharge the mixed concrete from the drum; usually small capacity hand operated mixer.
Frequency and Voltage Converter for External Vibrator Cl 3.63: Unit used for electric supply of the external vibrator with frequency higher than in power network and safety voltage.
Go Cl 3.64: Devil — A ball of rolled-up burlap, paper, or specially fabricated device put into the pump end of a pipeline and forced through the pipe by water pressure to clean the pipeline.
Grade Strip Cl 3.65: Usually a thin strip of wood tacked to inside of forms at the line to which the top of the concrete lift is to come, either at a construction joint or the top of the structure.
Grizzly Cl 3.66: A simple, stationary screen or series of equally spaced parallel bars set at an angle to remove oversize particles in processing aggregate or other material.
Groover Cl 3.67: A tool used to form grooves or weakened plane joints in a concrete slab before hardening to control crack location or provide pattern.
Gross Volume (of Concrete Mixers) Cl 3.68: In the case of a revolving drum mixer, the total interior volume of the revolving portion of the mixer drum; in the case of an open top mixer, the total volume of the trough or pan calculated on the basis that no vertical exceeds twice the radius of the circular section shaft.
Ground Wire Cl 3.69: Small gauge high-strength steel wires used to establish line and grade as in shotcrete work; also called alignment wire or screed wire.
Hamm Tip Cl 3.71: Flared shotcrete nozzle having a diameter larger at the midpoint than either at the inlet or at the outlet; also designated premixing tip.
Hawk Cl 3.72: A tool used by plasterers to hold and carry plaster mortar; generally a flat piece of wood or metal approximately 25 cm to 30 cm square, with a wooden handle centered and fixed to the underside.
High Cl 3.73: Discharge Mixer — See 3.78.
High Frequency External Vibrator Cl 3.74: Vibrator operating at a frequency 70 Hz and above.
Hod Cl 3.75: A portable trough for carrying mortar, bricks, etc fixed crosswise on top of a pole and carried on the shoulder.
Horizontal Cl 3.76: Axis Mixer — A concrete mixer of the revolving drum type in which the drum rotates about a horizontal axis.
Hydraulic External Motor Cl 3.77: Vibrator comprising a rotating eccentric mass directly coupled to a specially designed hydraulic motor.
Inclined Cl 3.78: Axis Mixer — A truck with revolving drum which rotates about an axis inclined to the bed of the truck chassis.
Inclined Drum Mixer Cl 3.79: Free fall batch mixer with an inclined drum in the shape of two truncated cones connected at wide bases by a cylindrical insert. The drum rotates on a horizontal axis the direction being reversed to discharge the concrete mix.
Jointer Cl 3.80: A metal tool about 15 cm long and from 5 cm to 10 cm wide and having shallow, medium, or deep bits (cutting edges) ranging from 5 mm to 20 mm or deeper used to cut a joint partly through fresh concrete.
Loading Hopper Cl 3.81: A hopper in which concrete or oth er free flowing material is placed for loading by gravity into buggies or other conveyances for transport to the forms or to other place of processing, use, or storage.
Mixer Cl 3.83: A machine employed for blending the constituents of concrete, grout, mortar or other mixture. 5 IS 6461 (Part 6) : 2024 d)
Mixer, Colloidal Cl 3.84: A mixer designed to produce colloidal grout.
Mixer Efficiency Cl 3.85: The adequacy of a mixer in rend ering a homogeneous product within a stated period; homogeneity is determinable by testing for relative differences in physical properties of samples extracted from different portions of a freshly mixed batch.
Mixer, Forced Action (or Mixer, Counterflow) Cl 3.86: A mixer comprising a horizontal pan or drum in which mixing is accomplished by means of the rotating pan or fixed or rotating paddles or both; rotation is about a vertical axis.
Mixer, Tilting Cl 3.87: A horizontal-axis mixer the drum of which can be tilted; the materials are fed in when the discharge opening of the drum is raised and the mixture is discharged by tilting the drum [see 3.62(a)].
Mixing Cycle Cl 3.88: The time taken for a complete cycle in a batch mixer, that is, the time elapsing between successive repetitions of the same operation (for example, successive discharges of the mixer).
Mixing Speed Cl 3.89: Rotation rate of a mixer drum or of the paddles in an open-top, pan, or trough mixer, when mixing a batch expressed in revolutions per minute (rev/min), or in peripheral feet per minute of a point on the circumference at maximum diameter.
Mixing Time Cl 3.90: The period during which the constituen ts of a batch of concrete are mixed by a mixer; for a stationary mixer, time is given in minutes from the completion of mixer charging until the beginning of discharge; for a truck mixer, time is given, in total minutes at a specified mixing speed or expressed in terms of total revolutions at a specified mixing speed.
Mixing Water Cl 3.91: The water in freshly mixed sand-ce ment grout, mortar, or concrete, exclusive of any water previously absorbed by the aggregate (for example, water considered in the computation of the net water-cement ratio).
Non Cl 3.92: agitating Unit — A truck-mounted container, for transporting central-mixed concrete, not equipped to provide agitation (slow mixing) during delivery.
Nozzle Cl 3.94: Attachment at end of shotcrete material ho se from which material is jetted at high velocity; also attachment at end of hose used in machine applied Portland-cement plaster.
Nozzle Liner Cl 3.95: Replaceable rubber insert in nozzle tip to prevent wear of metal nozzle.
Nozzleman Cl 3.96: Workman on shotcrete crew who manipulates the nozzle, controls consistency, and makes final disposition of the material.
Nozzle Velocity Cl 3.98: Velocity of shotcrete material particles at exit from nozzle, usually stated in cm per second.
Open Cl 3.99: Top Mixer — A mixer consisting essentially of a trough within which mixing paddles revolve about the horizontal axis or a pan within which mixing blades revolve about the vertical axis.
Paving Train Cl 3.103: An assemblage of equipment designed to place and finish a concrete pavement.
Pneumatic External Vibrator Cl 3.104: Vibrator oper ating on the principle of bearing less turbine with pneumatic drive.
Pneumatic Feed Cl 3.105: Shotcrete delivery equip ment in which material is conveyed by a pressurized air stream.
Portable Mixer Cl 3.106: A mixer fitted with a simple form of wheels.
Positive Displacement Cl 3.107: Wet-mix shotcrete deliver y equipment in which the material is pushed through the material hose in a solid mass by a piston or auger. 6 IS 6461 (Part 6) : 20243.93 Normal Frequency External Vibrator — Vibrator o perating at a frequency below 70 Hz.
Power Float Cl 3.108: A motor-driven revolving disc that smoothens, flattens, and compacts the surface of concrete floors or floor toppings.
Primary Crusher Cl 3.109: A heavy crusher suitable for the first stage in a process of size reduction of rock, slag, etc.
Removable External Vibrator Cl 3.110: Vibrator fix ed to the vibrating object indirectly by means of a quick-action clamping and releasing device.
Revolving Cl 3.111: Blade (or Paddle) Mixer — See 3.99.
Rod Cl 3.112: Sharp-edged cutting screed used to trim shotcrete to forms or ground wires.
Rotary Float Cl 3.113: See 3.108.
Runway (f or Concreting or Temporary Tra ck) Cl 3.114: Decking over area of concrete placement, u sually of movable panels and supports, on which buggies of concrete travel to points of placement.
Scalper Cl 3.115: A screen for removing oversize par ticles.
Secondary Crusher Cl 3.118: A crusher used for the second stage in a process of size reduction of aggregate and the like.
Sieve Cl 3.119: A metallic plate or sheet, a woven wire cloth, or other similar device, with regularly spaced apertures of uniform size, mounted in a suitable frame or holder for use in separating material according to size; in mechanical analysis an apparatus with square openings is a sieve.
Single External Vibrator of Directed Vibrat ion Cl 3.120: Vibrator for generation of linear, vertical vibrations by special fixing on the hinge. the placed concrete and moved as the work progresses.
Split Batch Charging Cl 3.122: Method of charging a mixer in which the solid ingredients do not enter the mixer all together; cement, and sometimes different sizes of aggregate, may be added separately.
Spreader Cl 3.123: A device consisting of reciprocating paddles, a revolving screw, or other mechanism for distributing concrete to required uniform thickness in a paving slab; also a piece of lumber, usually about 3.5 cm × 5 cm, cut to thickness of wall or other form and inserted to hold it temporarily at the correct dimensions against tension of form ties; wires are usually attached to spreaders so that they can be pulled up out of the forms as the pressure of concrete permits their removal. The type of the spreader shall be indicated by the arrangement provided for spreading the concrete distributed in its path.
Reciprocating Cl 3.123.1: Blade Type — A machine equ ipped with a reciprocating blade which pushes the concrete (dumped on the formation in front of the machine) forward and sideways as the machine travels along the forms. The blade is turned through 90° at the end of each stroke so that the concrete is moved evenly to both sides of the lane.
Screw Type Cl 3.123.2: A machine in which a ho rizontal screw with a large pitch is used to move the concrete sideways from heaps dumped on the formation in front of the machine. By reversing the screw the concrete is moved to one side or the other of the lane, the action being continued until a uniform surface is obtained.
Trough Cl 3.123.3: Hopper Type — A machine con sisting of an open bottom trough-hopper mounted on a chassis running on the forms and capable of being moved transversely or longitudinally over the formation to spread the concrete placed on the formation by the paver bucket or side tipping truck. The height of the hopper shall be adjustable to deal with different amounts of charge.
Stationary Hopper Cl 3.124: A container used to rec eive and temporarily store freshly mixed concrete. 7 IS 6461 (Part 6) : 2024
Slick Line Cl 3.121: End section of a pipe line used in placing concrete by pump which is immersed in
Stationary Mixer Cl 3.125: A mixer not provided with wheels and axles. The complete assembly of the mixer shall be supported on a structural steel frame.
Stationary Type Cl 3.126: A concrete block making machine with frame fixed on ground or on an elevated structure. The blocks are laid on wooden or metal pallets to be transported either manually or mechanically.
Steel Trowel Cl 3.127: A flat, broad-blade steel hand tool used in the final stages of finishing operations to impart a relatively smooth surface to concrete floors and other unformed concrete surfaces; also a flat triangular blade tool used for applying mortar to masonry.
Storage Hopper Cl 3.128: See 3.124.
Straightedge Cl 3.129: A rigid, straight piece of wood or metal used to strike off or screed a concrete surface to proper grade.
Tamper Cl 3.130: A hand-operated device for co mpacting floor topping or other unformed concrete by the impact caused by dropping it repeatedly from a small height, in preparation for strike off and finishing; contact surface often consists of open-mesh screen or a grid of bars to force coarse aggregate below the surface to prevent interference with floating or trowelling.
Tamping Rod Cl 3.131: A round, straight steel rod, h aving one end rounded to a hemispherical tip .
Template Cl 3.132: A thin plate or board frame used as a guide in positioning or spacing form parts, reinforcement, or anchors; also a full-size mould, pattern or frame, shaped to serve as a guide in forming or testing contour or shape.
Trailer Mixer Cl 3.133: A mixer fitted with road wh eels so that it can travel or be towed efficiently and safely at maximum statutory speed.
Transit Mixer Cl 3.134: A mixer generally mounted on a truck or some other suitable mobile haulage unit, capable of mixing ingredients of concrete and/or for agitation of already mixed/ partially mixed concrete during transit from a concrete batching plant to the point of placement of concrete.
Travelling Type or Egg Laying Type Cl 3.135: A concrete block making mobile machine which lays blocks on a level platform on which it moves. The machine lays a particular number of blocks over the platform and moves further to lay another set of blocks, so as to cover the casting platform, in a continuous casting process.
Tremie Cl 3.136: A pipe or tube through which co ncrete is deposited under water, having at its upper end a hopper for filling and a bail by means of which the assembly can be handled by a derrick.
Trowel Cl 3.138: A flat, broad-blade steel hand tool u sed in the final stages of finishing operations to impart a relatively smooth surface to concrete floors and other unformed concrete surfaces; also a flat triangular blade tool used for applying mortar to masonry.
Trowelling Machine Cl 3.139: A motor driven device which operates orbiting steel trowels on radial arms from a vertical shaft.
Truck Mixer Cl 3.140: A concrete, mixer suitable for mounting on a truck chassis and capable of mixing concrete in transit.
Vibration Cl 3.142: Energetic agitation of freshly m ixed concrete during placement by mechanical oscillating devices at moderately high frequency to assist in its consolidation: a) External vibration employs a vibrating device attached at strategic positions on the forms and is particularly applicable to manufacture of precast items and for vibration of tunnel-lining forms; b) Internal vibration employs a vibrating element which can be inserted into the concrete at selected locations, and is more generally applicable to in-place construction; and c) Surface vibration employs a portable horizontal platform on which a vibrating element is mounted.
Vibrator Cl 3.143: An oscillating machine used to ag itate fresh concrete so as to eliminate gross voids including entrapped air but not entrained air and produce Intimate contact with form surfaces and embedded materials.
Water Ring Cl 3.145: Perforated manifold in nozzle of dry-mix shotcrete equipment through which water is added to the materials.

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